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Field name | Value |
---|---|
Collection Reference Number | GLC00099.076 |
From Archive Folder | Collection of letters, documents & briefs from Edmund Pendleton to the Madisons |
Title | Edmund Pendleton to James Madison re: Yorktown |
Date | 10 September 1781 |
Author | Pendleton, Edmund (1721-1803) |
Recipient | Madison, James |
Document Type | Correspondence |
Content Description | Describes the situation at Yorktown, the arrival of the French fleet and troops, fleet actions, and the Virginia military. Also mentions Lord Cornwallis, Marquis de Lafayette, the war in Virginia. Discusses the anticipated arrival of George Washington and the capture of Lord Rawden. |
Subjects | President Military History Revolutionary War Global History and Civics Continental Army Battle (Siege, Surrender) of Yorktown France Navy Prisoner of War |
People | Pendleton, Edmund (1721-1803) Cornwallis, Charles Cornwallis, Marquis (1738-1805) Lafayette, Georges Washington Louis Gilbert Du Motier, Marquis de (1779-1849) Madison, James, Sr. (1723-1801) |
Place written | Edmundsbury, Virginia |
Theme | The American Revolution; The Presidency; Naval & Maritime |
Sub-collection | The Gilder Lehrman Collection, 1493-1859 |
Additional Information | Convinced that he could not suppress the rebellion in the Carolinas, Lord Cornwallis retreated to Virginia in 1781. Sir Henry Clinton, fearful of an American attack on his base in New York City, ordered Cornwallis to send part of his army to New York and to take up defensive positions in Virginia. Still confident that he could defeat the rebels, Cornwallis refused to send troops northward and began to build fortifications at Yorktown, along Chesapeake Bay. Cornwallis's decision to take up positions at Yorktown, a peninsula formed by Virginia's York and James Rivers, proved to be a disastrous military mistake. A French fleet from the West Indies sailed to Chesapeake Bay, preventing Cornwallis's army from escaping by sea. A force of 7800 French peasants, 5700 Continental soldiers, and 3200 militia kept Cornwallis from retreating on land. Cornwallis held out for three weeks and then surrendered in October, while a British band played a tune called "The World Turned Upside Down." One quarter of the entire British army in America surrendered at Yorktown. In a letter written precisely one month before Cornwallis's surrender, before the French and Americans had surrounded the British army, Edmund Pendleton assesses prospects for the future. |
Copyright | The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History |
Module | Settlement, Commerce, Revolution and Reform: 1493-1859 |
Transcript | Show/hide |