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| Field name | Value |
|---|---|
| Collection Reference Number | GLC00045.01 |
| From Archive Folder | Documents relating to Presidential Pardons |
| Title | Pardon of Michael Bright and eight others for obstructing justice |
| Date | 6 May 1809 |
| Author | Madison, James (1751-1836) |
| Document Type | Government document; Legal document |
| Content Description | Countersigned by Secretary of State Robert Smith. Pardoned by Madison because their crimes arose from a sense of duty, not disobedience. The recipients of the pardon were Michael Bright, James Atkinson, William Cole, Charles Westfall, Samuel Wilkins, Abraham Ogden, Daniel Phyle, Charles Horey and John Knife. They were convicted in Philadelphia. |
| Subjects | President Pardon Law Privateering Mutiny US Constitution Militia |
| People | Bright, Michael (fl. 1809) Atkinson, James (fl. 1809) Ogden, Abraham (fl.1809) Cole, William (fl. 1809) Ogden, Abraham (fl.1809) Westfall, Charles (fl.1809) Wilkins, Samuel (fl.1809) Ogden, Abraham (fl.1809) Phyle, Daniel (fl.1809) Horey, Charles (fl.1809) Knife, John (fl.1809) Madison, James (1751-1836) |
| Place written | Washington, D.C. |
| Theme | Law; The Presidency |
| Sub-collection | The Gilder Lehrman Collection, 1493-1859 |
| Additional Information | Signer of the U.S. Constitution. |
| Copyright | The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History |
| Module | Settlement, Commerce, Revolution and Reform: 1493-1859 |