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Collection Reference Number GLC08072
From Archive Folder Documents Relating to 1797 
Title Presidential pardon of the ten ringleaders of the Whiskey Rebellion, who had been convicted of high treason
Date 3 March 1797
Author Washington, George (1732-1799)  
Additional authors Pickering, Timothy (1745-1829)
Document Type Government document; Legal document
Content Description Countersigned by Timothy Pickering as Secretary of State. Pardons Daniel Hamilton, William Miller, Richard Holcroft, Ebenezer Gallagher, William Hannah, Peter Lisle, David Lock, Alexander Fulton, Samuel Hannah and Thomas Spiers. Includes the comment: "It is ever my desire to temper the administration of justice with a reasonable extension of mercy." This was one of Washington's last official acts as president. The pardon was signed on his final day in office. Has a large paper seal.
Subjects President  Pardon  Rebellion  Government and Civics  Law  Whiskey Rebellion  Alcohol  
People Washington, George (1732-1799)  Pickering, Timothy (1745-1829)  Hamilton, Daniel (fl. 1797)  Miller, William (1782-1849)  Holcroft, Richard (fl. 1797)  Gallagher, Ebenezer (fl. 1797)  Hannah, William (fl. 1797)  Lisle, Peter (fl. 1797)  Lock, David (fl. 1797)  Fulton, Alexander (d. ca. 1818)  Hannah, Samuel (fl. 1797)  Spiers, Thomas (fl. 1797)  
Place written Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Theme The Presidency; Government & Politics; Law
Sub-collection The Gilder Lehrman Collection, 1493-1859
Additional Information Signer of the U.S. Constitution. Background: In 1794, Whiskey distillers in Western Pennsylvania were convicted of high-treason. These distillers were angered by new government-imposed excise taxes on whiskey. Their strong resistance tested the government's commitment to enforcing its laws. A militia force was dispatched to suppress the insurrection and the ringleaders, those stated above for pardoning, were rounded up.
Copyright The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
Module Settlement, Commerce, Revolution and Reform: 1493-1859
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